مهاجرت شبکه ای و تعیین کننده های آن: مطالعه جریان های مهاجرت از استان آذربایجان شرقی به استان تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار جمعیت شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

شدت مهاجرت از استان آذربایجان‌شرقی به استان تهران و اقامت خوشه‌ای مهاجران، موجب گردیده است در این مقاله، این جریان مهاجرتی با رویکرد شبکه‌ای مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. با استفاده از روش‌های تحقیق پیمایش و گروه‌های متمرکز و نیز چارچوب مفهومی شبکه‌های اجتماعی مهاجر، سه جریان مهاجرتی شبکه‌ای، توده‌ای و دافعه‌ای از هم تفکیک شده‌اند که حدود سه چهارم آن از نوع شبکه‌ای است. بیشترین جابجایی خوشه‌ای جمعیت از استان آذربایجان‌شرقی به استان تهران در دهه‌های 1360 و 1370 صورت گرفته است که در این میان مهاجرت شبکه‌ای از شهرستان‌های سراب، میانه و هشترود به شهرستان‌های رباط‌کریم، شهریار و اسلام‌شهر قابل توجه است. در کنار شهرستان مبدأ و سطح توسعه آن، متغیرهای دوره مهاجرت، وضع تأهل، سطح تحصیلات، اشتغال و وضع مالی مهاجر در زمان مهاجرت، در تفکیک انواع مهاجرت‌های مورد بررسی موثرند. به عنوان نتیجه کلی، مهاجران ازلحاظ ویژگی‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی هرچقدر ضعیف‌تر از همتاهای خود باشند، بیشتر به مهاجرت شبکه‌ای روی می‌آورند که این امر اهمیت ضعف مالی و کمبود اطلاعاتی مهاجران را در جهت دادن به مهاجرت‌های شبکه‌ای به خوبی نشان می‌دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Network Migration and its Determinants: The Study of Emigration Flows from East- Azerbaijan Province to Tehran Province

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Ghasemi-Ardahaee
Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University
چکیده [English]

The intensity of emigration from East-Azerbaijan province to Tehran Province and immigrants' cluster staying has caused this article to focus on this migratory flow with network approach.  By using the survey and focus groups methods, as well as the conceptual framework of migrant social networks, three migratory flow networks, herd and pushing are separated from each other that around three-quarters of it is formed of a network flow. The maximum cluster movement of the population of East- Azerbaijan Province to Tehran Province occurred in 1980's and 1990's, that network emigration from Sarab, Miyaneh and Hashtrood to Robat-Karim, Shahriyar and Islamshahr has been the most important inter-township migration flows. Besides origin township and its level of development, variables of migration period, marital status, level of education, employment and financial situation of immigrant in the migration, are effective in distinguishing different types of migrations. In conclusion, the weaker the migrants in the social and economic characteristics are  from their counterparts,  the more they resorts to network migration; and this shows importance of immigrants' lack of funding and lack of information on  directing towards network migration very well.

مرکز آمار ایران، داده­های خام 20 درصد سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن 1385.
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